Browsing Faculty of Health Sciences (FHS) by Author "Jaoko Walter G."
Now showing items 1-20 of 68
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Antibody-dependent Cell-mediated Virus Inhibition Antibody Activity Does Not Correlate With Risk Of HIV-1 Superinfection
Forthal, DN; Landucci, G; Chohan, B; Richardson, BA; McClelland, RS; Jaoko Walter G.; Blish, C; Overbaugh, J (University of NairobiDepartment of Infectious Diseases, 2013-05)Previous studies of HIV-infected women with high risk behavior have indicated that neither neutralizing antibody nor cellular immunity elicited by an initial HIV-1 infection is associated with protection against superinfection ... -
Antifungal Susceptibilities of Cryptococcus Neoformans Cerebrospinal fluid Isolates from AIDS Patients in Kenya
Mdodo, Rennatus; Moser, Stephen A.; Jaoko Walter G.; Baddley, John; Pappas, Peter; Kempf, Mirjam-Colette; Aban, Inmaculada; Odera, Susan; Jolly, Pauline (2010)Poor susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans to fluconazole (FLC) is a matter of concern among clinicians in Africa. The emergence of resistance to FLC was recently reported in Kenya, but it is not known whether it is ... -
Antiretroviral adherence and development of drug resistance are the strongest predictors of genital HIV-1 shedding among women initiating treatment
Graham, Susan M.; Masese, Linnet; Gitau, Ruth; Jalalian-Lechak, Zahra; Richardson, Barbra A.; Peshu, Norbert; Mandaliya, Kishor; Kiarie, James N.; Jaoko Walter G.; Ndinya-Achola, JO; Overbaugh, Julie; McClelland, R. Scott (2010)Persistent genital human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) shedding among women receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) may present a transmission risk. We investigated the associations between genital HIV-1 ... -
Association between participant self-report and biological outcomes used to measure sexual risk behavior in HIV-1- seropositive female sex workers in Mombasa, Kenya
McClelland, R. Scott; Richardson, Barbra A.; Wanje, George H.; Graham, Susan M.; Mutunga, Esther; Peshu, Norbert; Kiarie, James N.; Kurth, Ann E.; Jaoko Walter G. (2012)Few studies have examined the association between self-reported sexual risk behaviors and biologic outcomes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-seropositive African adults. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort ... -
Associations Between Intravaginal Practices and Bacterial Vaginosis in Kenyan Female Sex Workers Without Symptoms of Vaginal Infections
Hassan, Wisal M.; Lavreys, Ludo; Chohan ,Vrasha; Richardson, Barbra A.; Kishorchandra, Mandaliya; Ndinya-Achola Jeckoniah O.; Kiarie, James; Jaoko Walter G.; Holmes, King K.; Mcclelland, R. Scott (2007)Background: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is highly prevalent among African women and has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, sexually transmitted diseases, and HIV-1. Goal: The goal of this study was to analyze ... -
Background Morbidity In HIV Vaccine Trial Participants From Various Geographic Regions As Assessed By Unsolicited Adverse Events
Schmidt, C; Smith, C; Barin, B; Bakhtyari, A; Bart, PA; Bekker, LG; Chomba, E; Clumeck, N; Hoosen, A; Jaoko Walter G.; Kaleebu, P; Karita, E; Keefer, MC; van Lunzen, J; McMichael, A; Mehendale, S; Peters, B; Ramanathan, VD; Robinson, A; Rockstroh, J; Vardas, E; Vets, E; Weber, J; Graham, BS; Than, S; Excler, JL; Kochhar, S; Heald, A; Fast, PE (University of NairobiDepartment of Infectious Diseases, 2012-05)BACKGROUND: Recently, more clinical trials are being conducted in Africa and Asia, therefore, background morbidity in the respective populations is of interest. Between 2000 and 2007, the International AIDS Vaccine ... -
Bacterial vaginosis in HIV-infected women induces reversible alterations in the cervical immune environment
Rebbapragada, Anuradha; Howe, Kathryn; Wachihi, Charles; Pettengell, Christopher; Sunderji, Sherzana; Huibner, Sanja; Ball, T. Blake; Plummer, Francis A.; Jaoko Walter G.; Kaul, Rupert (2008)Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been associated with increased HIV cervicovaginal shedding. We hypothesized that this might relate to BV-associated increases in mucosal activated CD4+ T cells, which could enhance local HIV ... -
Bacterial vaginosis, HIV serostatus and T-cell subset distribution in a cohort of East African commercial sex workers: retrospective analysis
Schellenberg, John J.; Card, Catherine M.; Ball, T. Blake; Mungai, Jane Njeri; Irungu, Erastus; Kimani, Joshua; Jaoko Walter G.; Wachihi, Charles; Fowke, Keith R.; Plummer, Francis A. (2012)Although bacterial vaginosis is a known correlate of HIV infection, no previous studies have investigated whether women defined as HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) are less likely to have bacterial vaginosis. Little is known ... -
Bancroftian Filariasis Infection, Disease, And Specific Antibody Response Patterns In A High And A Low Endemicity Community In East Africa
Simonsen PE.; Meyrowitsch DW.; Jaoko Walter G.; Malecela MN.; Mukoko D.; Pedersen EM.; Ouma JH.; Rwegoshora RT.; Masese N.; Magnussen P.; Estambale Benson B.; Michael E. (University of NairobiFaculty of medicine, 2002-05)Bancroftian filariasis infection, disease and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in East Africa were analyzed and compared to assess the relationship between these parameters and ... -
Baseline morbidity in 2,990 adult African volunteers recruited to characterize laboratory reference intervals for future HIV vaccine clinical trials
Stevens, Wendy; Kamali, Anatoli; Karita, Etienne; Anzala, Omu; Sanders, Eduard J.; Jaoko Walter G.; Kaleebu, Pontiano; Mulenga, Joseph; Dally, Len; Fast, Pat; Gilmour, Jill; Farah, Bashir; Birung, Josephine; Hughes, Peter; Manigart, Olivier; Stevens, Gwynn; Yates, Sarah; Thomson, Helen; Lieven, Andrea von; Krebs, Marietta; Price, Matt A.; Stoll-Johnson, Lisa; Ketter, Nzeera (2008)An understanding of the health of potential volunteers in Africa is essential for the safe and efficient conduct of clinical trials, particularly for trials of preventive technologies such as vaccines that enroll healthy ... -
Blunted IL17/IL22 and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses in the genital tract and blood of HIV Exposed, seronegative female sex workers in Kenya
Chege, Duncan; Chai, Yijie; Huibner, Sanja; Kain, Taylor; Wachihi, Charles; Kimani, Makubo; Barasa, Samson; McKinnon, Lyle R.; Muriuki, Festus K.; Kariri, Anthony; Jaoko Walter G.; Anzala, Omu; Kimani, Joshua; Ball, T. Blake; Plummer, Francis A.; Kaul, Rupert (2012)Identifying the immune correlates of reduced susceptibility to HIV remains a key goal for the HIV vaccine field, and individuals who are HIV-exposed, seronegative (HESN) may offer important clues. Reduced systemic immune ... -
Breadth of neutralizing antibody response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is affected by factors early in infection but does not influence disease progression.
Piantadosi, A; Panteleeff, D; Blish, CA; Baeten, JM; Jaoko Walter G.; McClelland, RS; Overbaugh, J (University of NairobiSchool of medicine,University of NairobiDepartment of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Nairobi, Kenya, 2009-10)The determinants of a broad neutralizing antibody (NAb) response and its effect on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression are not well defined, partly because most prior studies of a broad NAb ... -
Cervical HIV-specific IgA in a population of commercial sex workers correlates with repeated exposure but not resistance to HIV
Horton, Rachel E.; Ball, T. Blake; Wachichi, Charles; Jaoko Walter G.; Rutherford, W. John; Mckinnon, Lyle; Kaul, Rupert; Rebbapragada, Anu; Kimani, Joshua; Plummer, Frank A. (2009)We conducted a comprehensive cross-sectional analysis of total and HIV-specific cervical antibody levels in HIV- 1-resistant, uninfected, and infected women in order to examine the role of HIV-specific antibody responses ... -
A common CD4 gene variant Is associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 infection in Kenyan female commercial sex workers
Oyugi, Julius O.; Vouriot, Françoise C. M.; Alimonti, Judie; Wayne, Stephen; Luo, Ma; Land, Allison M.; AO, Zhujun; Yao, Xiaojian; Sekaly, Rafick P.; Elliott, Lawrence J.; Simonsen, J. Neil; Ball, T. Blake; Jaoko Walter G.; Kimani, Joshua; Plummer, Francis A.; Fowke, Keith R. (2009)It has been predicted that CD4 C868T, a novel CD4 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that has been found to be highly prevalent among Africans, changes the tertiary structure of CD4, which may alter susceptibility to ... -
Does antiretroviral therapy initiation increase sexual risk taking in Kenyan female sex workers? A retrospective case–control study
Mawji, Elysha; McKinnon, Lyle; Wachihi, Charles; Chege, Duncan; Thottingal, Paul; Kariri, Anthony; Plummer, Francis; Ball, Blake T; Jaoko Walter G.; Ngugi, Elizabeth N; Kimani, Joshua; Gelmon, Lawrence; Nagelkerke, Nico; Kaul, Rupert (Department of Community HealthDepartment of Medical Microbiology, 2012)Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) prolongs life and reduces infectiousness, in some contexts, it has been associated with increased sexual risk taking. Design Retrospective case–control study. Setting ... -
Effect of acquisition and treatment of cervical infections on HIV-1 shedding in women on antiretroviral therapy
Gitau, Ruth W.; Graham, Susan M.; Masese, Linnet N.; Overbaugh, Julie; Chohan, Vrasha; Peshu, Norbert; Richardson, Barbra A.; Jaoko Walter G.; Ndinya-Achola JO; McClelland, R. Scott (2010)BACKGROUND: Cervicitis increases the quantity of HIV-1 RNA in cervical secretions when women are not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART), and successful treatment of cervicitis reduces HIV-1 shedding in this ... -
The effect of eight half-yearly single-dose treatments with DEC on Wuchereria bancrofti circulating antigenaemia
Simonsena, Paul E.; Magesa, Stephen M.; Meyrowitsch, Dan W.; Malecela-Lazarod, Mwele N.; Rwegoshora, Rwehumbiza T.; Jaoko Walter G.; Michael, Edwin (2005)The effect of eight half-yearly treatment rounds with diethylcarbamazine (DEC; 6 mg/kg bodyweight) on Wuchereria bancrofti-specific circulating filarial antigen (CFA), a marker of adult worm infection, was followed in ... -
The effect of repeated half-yearly diethylcarbamazine mass treatment on wuchereria bancrofti infection and transmission in two East African communities with different levels of endemicity
SIMONSEN, PAUL E.; MEYROWITSCH, DAN W.; MUKOKO, DUNSTAN A.; PEDERSEN, ERLING M.; MALECELA-LAZARO, MWELE N.; RWEGOSHORA, RWEHUMBIZA T.; OUMA, JOHN H.; MASESE, NAFTAL; Jaoko Walter G.; MICHAEL, EDWIN (2004)The effect of repeated half-yearly mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC, 6 mg/kg body weight) on infection and transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti was assessed and compared in communities with high and low endemicity ... -
Epigenetic Control Of Irf1 Responses In HIV-exposed Seronegative Versus HIV-susceptible Individuals.
Su, RC; Sivro, A; Kimani, J; Jaoko Walter G.; Plummer, FA; Ball, TB (University of NairobiDepartment of Infectious Diseases, 2011-03)Not all individuals exposed to HIV become infected. Understanding why these HIV-exposed seronegative individuals remain uninfected will help inform the development of preventative measures against HIV infection. Interferon ... -
Establishing and sustaining a healthy vaginal environment: analysis of data from a randomized trial of periodic presumptive treatment for vaginal infections
Balkus, JE; Richardson, BA; Mandaliya, K; Kiarie, J; Jaoko Walter G.; Ndinya-Achola JO.; Marrazzo, J; Farquhar, C; McClelland, RS (Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobide, 2011)Data from a randomized trial of oral periodic presumptive treatment (PPT) to reduce vaginal infections were analyzed to assess the effect of the intervention on a healthy vaginal environment (normal flora confirmed by Gram ...